Issue 417 | October 2014 |
At an airport without an operational control tower, sometimes referred to as an "uncontrolled" airport, communication is one of the key elements in maintaining proper aircraft separation. Use of the Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) helps to assure the safe, orderly flow of arrival and departure traffic.
FAR 91.113 cites basic right-of-way rules and FAR 91.126 establishes traffic-flow rules at non-towered airports. The Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) and FAA Advisory Circular 90-66A expand on these regulations to define procedures for operations at non-towered airports. Staying visually alert is the final measure of defense against aircraft that may be operating without a radio or without regard to the standard non-towered airport procedures.
The following ASRS reports highlight some of the problems commonly associated with non-towered airport operations.
Unexpected Opposition – Two Opposite Runway Takeoff Incidents
A C680 Flight Crew had to abort their takeoff when an aircraft made an unannounced departure on the opposite runway. It is not known if the "other airplane" failed to use a radio or did not have one. For aircraft without a radio installed, the use of a hand-held transceiver is highly recommended at busy non-towered airports.
■ After boarding passengers and starting engines, we notified [Departure Control] that we were ready for [IFR] departure on Runway 17. We were informed that there would be a delay if we used 17, so we decided to depart on Runway 35 to avoid the delay since winds were calm. There was one aircraft that departed Runway 17 as we were taxiing to Runway 35, but we did not hear or see any other traffic. We were released by Departure from Runway 35 at which point we visually cleared the area left and right and transmitted on CTAF that we were departing [Runway] 35. We did hear another aircraft arriving from the north about six miles away, but did not see it. After takeoff we were to make a sharp left turn and knew the traffic would not be a factor.
As soon as we took Runway 35 and advanced the power for takeoff, the Co-Pilot called, "Airspeed alive" and then said he saw an airplane far down the runway. I yelled, "Abort" below 50 knots. We watched the other airplane lift off and sidestep slightly to the right as we exited the runway. [It]…passed abeam us by about 400 feet. We never heard anything else on the radio.
In another example of "unexpected opposition," the pilot of an Experimental aircraft encountered opposite direction traffic that failed to announce a departure against the flow of traffic.
■ Calm winds prevailed on arrival…. I landed and refueled. The calm wind runway at [this airport] is Runway 15. I prepared to take off and announced I was holding for 15. Inbound traffic started to announce entering the 45 for Runway 15 and one aircraft announced turning base on Runway 15. I broadcast my departure on 15 and rolled. Another aircraft came into view rolling on Runway 33. I sidestepped to the west of the runway approximately 50 feet. When the other aircraft saw me he then sidestepped to the east. I announced that two aircraft were departing in opposite directions from Runway 15 and 33 to alert other traffic. Other traffic acknowledged. The departing low wing aircraft then announced that he was crosswind, Runway 33 and I announced I was crosswind on Runway 15. We went our separate ways.
I estimate we passed each other by about 250 feet. The other aircraft was not using his radio and was not following local procedure to use [the] calm wind Runway 15.
Over the Top
An alert C182 pilot was wise to keep an eye on another pilot who was not communicating and apparently not paying attention to other traffic.
Say What?
Using the CTAF to announce one’s intentions and to listen for other aircraft is the best means of preventing traffic conflicts. This M20 pilot had a frustrating encounter with another pilot who chose not to use the radio… for a rather dubious reason.
Intersection Near Miss
Bear in mind that while you follow all of the recommended procedures for non-towered airport operations, other pilots may not. This C172 pilot learned that keeping a good lookout is a major part of the "defensive flying" required at these airports, especially when there are intersecting runways.
"We Missed by Maybe 30 Feet"
In another intersection near miss, an M20 pilot used the correct communication procedures, but failed to react to the visual alert from a cockpit passenger.
ASRS Alerts Issued in August 2014 | |
---|---|
Subject of Alert | No. of Alerts |
Aircraft or Aircraft Equipment | 2 |
Airport Facility or Procedure | 2 |
Hazard to Flight | 1 |
TOTAL | 5 |
August 2014 Report Intake | |
---|---|
Air Carrier/Air Taxi Pilots | 4,562 |
General Aviation Pilots | 1,196 |
Controllers | 666 |
Flight Attendants | 534 |
Mechanics | 219 |
Military/Other | 120 |
Dispatchers | 96 |
TOTAL | 7,393 |
A Monthly Safety Newsletter from The Office of the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System
P.O. Box 189 | Moffett Field, CA | 94035-0189
http://asrs.arc.nasa.gov